December Planting: Preparing for Spring
December in the UK presents a unique gardening challenge and opportunity. While the ground may be cold and damp, it's not a dormant period for all planting. Many gardeners can still sow or plant hardy varieties that will either overwinter successfully or are destined for a vigorous early spring display and harvest. Understanding which plants tolerate these conditions is key to a productive winter garden and a head start on the coming seasons.
- Hardy vegetables can be sown or planted.
- Spring bulbs for early colour can go in now.
- Consider overwintering plants for resilience.
- Protect young plants from harsh weather.
The primary focus for planting in December revolves around resilience and foresight. We're looking at species that can withstand frost, cold soil, and shorter daylight hours. This often means selecting robust vegetable crops that can be sown directly into the ground, or planting bulbs that have enough time to establish roots before the spring growth spurt. Furthermore, some plants are best started now under protection, ready to be transplanted later, or are simply hardy enough to be planted out directly if the weather permits.
The type of soil, its drainage, and your local microclimate play significant roles. Well-drained soil is paramount in winter to prevent waterlogging, which can kill even hardy plants. Areas prone to severe frost might necessitate more protection, such as cloches or cold frames, for any newly planted items. It’s about choosing the right plant for the right conditions, ensuring they have the best chance to establish and flourish.
Hardy Vegetables for Winter Sowing
For the vegetable patch, December is a time for hardy crops that can be sown directly, or for those that benefit from being planted as young plants. While growth will be slow, these plants are building a foundation for a swift return to productivity as soon as conditions improve. The key is selecting varieties known for their cold tolerance and resistance to common winter diseases.
Consider broad beans; they are remarkably frost-hardy and can be sown in milder regions of the UK during December for an earlier, more substantial crop than spring-sown plants. Another excellent choice is garlic; planting cloves now encourages strong root development, leading to larger bulbs by harvest time. Shallots can also be planted in well-drained soil at this time. For leafy greens, spinach and certain varieties of kale can often be sown or planted out. These are robust plants that can tolerate cold temperatures, especially when provided with some protection.
Peas and more broad beans are also candidates for direct sowing, particularly in sheltered spots or if using protective cloches. Their ability to fix nitrogen can also benefit the soil structure over winter. It’s vital to ensure the soil is not frozen or waterlogged when undertaking any planting, as this can damage the seeds or young plants and compact the soil.
Planting Spring Bulbs for Early Colour
When thinking about what to plant in December UK gardens, spring bulbs are a classic choice. While the ideal window for planting most spring bulbs is typically autumn, there's often a window of opportunity in December. If the ground is workable and hasn't frozen solid, you can still plant bulbs like tulips, daffodils, and hyacinths. They may not bloom quite as early as those planted in October or November, but they will still establish their root systems and produce vibrant displays come spring.
The crucial factor is ensuring the bulbs have enough time to develop roots before the coldest part of winter sets in. Planting them now means they are already in position to take advantage of the first warming soils and longer days. For late-season planting, opt for bulbs that are known to be robust and less fussy about their planting time. Ensure good drainage, as bulbs are particularly susceptible to rot in wet, cold soil.
Daffodils (Narcissus) are exceptionally hardy and often forgiving, as are species tulips and crocuses. Planting them now means you're investing in future colour. If you've bought bulbs and haven't planted them yet, don't despair – December offers a last chance for many varieties. Aim to get them into the ground promptly to maximise their chances of successful establishment.
For bulbs planted in December, mark their locations with labels or small stakes, as they can be difficult to spot once the soil surface becomes uneven or covered by winter debris.
Hardy Plants and Shrubs for Winter Interest
Beyond vegetables and bulbs, certain perennial plants and shrubs can be planted in December, especially if they are hardy and the weather conditions are favourable. This is an excellent time to introduce evergreen shrubs that will provide structure and colour throughout the winter months. Plants like Mahonia, Skimmia, and certain varieties of Rhododendron and Camellia can be planted now, provided the soil is not frozen or waterlogged. These offer visual appeal and can support wildlife.
For flowers, Hellebores (winter-flowering pansies and violas) are fantastic additions. While often bought as established plants, planting them in December allows them to acclimatise and begin flowering earlier. These are robust plants that can tolerate frost and continue to provide colour when little else is in bloom. Their ability to thrive in cooler temperatures makes them ideal for winter displays in beds, borders, or containers.
Consider also planting dormant fruit trees and bushes. December falls within the dormant season for many deciduous species, making it an ideal time to plant them. Bare-root varieties are often available during winter and establish well when planted into moist, well-drained soil. This gives them a long period to settle in before the demands of spring growth begin. The general rule remains: if you can dig a hole, you can plant.
Alternative Approaches: Protection and Preparation
While direct planting is possible for hardy species, December is also a prime time for preparing for future planting and protecting existing or newly planted items. Cold frames and unheated greenhouses are invaluable at this time. You can sow seeds of hardy annuals or certain vegetables like peas and broad beans in modules or pots within these protected environments. This offers a significant advantage, giving seedlings a head start and shielding them from the harshest weather.
This is also the time to consider what vegetables can I plant now, even if it's just planning for early spring. For instance, preparing seed beds by adding compost or well-rotted manure can improve soil structure and fertility, ready for sowing as soon as the weather allows. Mulching around existing plants, especially newly planted ones, helps to insulate the soil and retain moisture.
For those interested in what to plant in autumn but missed the window, December can sometimes offer a last chance for very hardy items or allow for immediate preparation for early spring planting. It’s about using the downtime effectively, either by getting hardy plants in the ground or by ensuring the garden is in the best possible state for the coming growing season. Think about succession planting for early spring crops like lettuce and radishes, sowing them under protection now to get a jump on the year.
The resilience of plants chosen for December planting in the UK is paramount, ensuring they can withstand frost and damp conditions to provide future blooms and harvests.
Making the Most of December's Gardening Opportunities
December gardening in the UK is less about expansive planting and more about strategic choices. It’s an opportunity to get ahead, to introduce hardy species that will reward you with early colour or harvests, and to prepare the soil for the abundance of spring. The key is to select plants known for their cold tolerance and to ensure good drainage, especially in wetter regions.
Whether you're sowing broad beans and garlic, planting spring bulbs like daffodils and tulips, or introducing evergreens and winter-flowering pansies, December offers viable options. Even if direct planting isn't feasible due to weather, using protection like cold frames or preparing soil beds is a valuable use of your gardening time. By understanding what thrives in these cooler months, you can ensure your garden remains productive and beautiful throughout winter and into the next growing season.